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Presenter: Today in our World Englishes programme we are
going to discuss Indian English. Professor Barry Smith is my guest and my first
question is: What is the role of English in today’s India?
Professor: In India, where more than 18 different languages
coexist, English serves as the connector between people speaking different
mother tongues. So the number of Indians who wish to learn and use English is
not only continuing but increasing. The number of English newspapers, journals
and magazines is on the increase too. In fact, Indian English is a recognized
dialect of English, just like British Received Pronunciation or Australian
English or Standard American. It has a lot of distinctive pronunciations, some
distinctive syntax and quite a bit of lexical variation.
Presenter: What about grammar?
Professor: Linguists observe the following anomalies in the
grammar of Indian English. The Indians, for instance, use the progressive tense
with stative verbs, which is an influence of traditional Hindi grammar.
There’re also variations in noun, number and determiners, preposition use,
building tag questions, word order. Another example’s that Indians often use
the indefinite article a before words starting with vowels, though it must be
mentioned that usually this is just a slip of the tongue.
Presenter: Are these anomalies kind of accidental or can
you explain them in some way?
Professor: For
those aware of the grammar of Indian tongues, the logic behind the quirks of
Indian English is quite transparent and readily explicable. In addition to what
I’ve already mentioned, Indians use the past perfect tense in verbs where
International English speakers would use the past simple. There are lexical
points as well – like using the words but and only as intensifiers or adding
English affixes to local words. There are some funny cases like use of the
plural ladies for a single lady or a woman of respect, use of open and close
instead of switch on and off. Some
idioms and popular phrases include the question "Where are you put up?” instead
of "Where do you live?” or the phrase "tell me” instead of "How can I help
you?” Strange as it may seem sentences like "Hello, what do you want?” as a
beginning of a business conversation aren’t perceived as rough by most Indians.
Presenter: Have local Indian languages contributed to
Indian English?
Professor: Internet research shows that Indians frequently
inject words from Indian languages. Some of the more common examples are jungle
or bungalow; others were introduced via the transmission of Indian culture,
examples of which are mantra, karma, avatar and guru. There’re colloquial and slang words used in
Indian English as well. Teenagers take an active part in modernizing the
language. What younger generations devise may not be used or even understood by
older English speakers in India. For example, youngsters use the expression
hi-fi for cool or stylish.
Presenter: Thank you, Professor, for a very interesting talk. What would you like to say in conclusion? What is your – mmm – final diagnosis? Professor: Indian English is changing and trying to be more universal and simpler. The shifts in modern Indian English are well explained by the famous local proverb "There’s nothing noble in being superior to some other person. The true nobility is in being superior to your previous self”.
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